If you are Ok with second hand furniture, go to the recycle shop near 百万遍(Hyakumanben).
You can find really really cheap furniture there. (Ex.. table for 1000yen, microwave for 3000yen)
Check it → http://www.gakusei-recycle.com/
If you want brand new things, we suggest you to go to ニトリ（Nitori). There's one Nitori shop in ヨドバシカメラ京都店(Yodobashi Camera Kyoto).
Nitori HP → https://www.nitori-net.jp/store/ja/ec/
Yodobashi Camera HP→ http://www.yodobashi-kyoto.com/ This shop is near Kyoto station.
